What technique can be employed to avoid wasted space under a tree canopy?

Utilizing tree canopies effectively involves maximizing the use of space beneath them to enhance ecological function and design aesthetics. Continuing plantings below the canopy is advantageous because it allows the integration of understory plants that thrive in the filtered light and shadow provided by the tree. This approach not only makes use of otherwise wasted space but also supports biodiversity by creating a layered ecosystem, which can benefit both plant and animal life.

This technique also helps in creating a more visually appealing landscape by adding depth and texture through the combination of various plant types. By selecting shade-tolerant plants, the area under the canopy can become vibrant and full of life, instead of being neglected or left barren. Furthermore, well-planned plantings can improve soil conditions and moisture retention, thus enhancing the health of both the canopy trees and the understory plants.

The other options do not effectively promote healthy and beneficial use of space. Limiting plant selection to shrubs might restrict diversity, while using ground cover exclusively could lead to competition issues and limit the potential of the vertical space. Leaving the area bare does not utilize the space at all, which goes against the principle of creating a rich and diverse landscape.