What is the ecological significance of afforestation?

Afforestation plays a critical role in addressing ecological challenges, particularly in the context of climate change. By planting trees in previously non-forested areas, afforestation increases forest cover, which contributes to carbon sequestration. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and combat global warming. Additionally, more forested areas can improve air quality, regulate temperatures, and enhance local hydrology, thereby promoting a healthier ecosystem.

The improvement in forest cover also fosters biodiversity by providing habitats for various species, although the extent of this benefit can depend on how and where afforestation is carried out. In contrast, the options suggesting negative impacts like habitat destruction, urban development promotion, and decreased biodiversity highlight scenarios where afforestation is done improperly or without consideration of the local ecosystem and existing wildlife, but they do not represent the core ecological significance of the practice itself. Thus, the most accurate and relevant aspect of afforestation is its positive contribution to climate resilience and environmental health.