What does bioremediation involve?

Bioremediation refers specifically to the process of using living organisms, particularly microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and plants, to remove or neutralize contaminants from soil, water, and other environments. This approach leverages the natural metabolic processes of these organisms, allowing them to break down hazardous substances into less harmful compounds.

This method is particularly effective for various types of pollutants, including heavy metals, oil spills, and organic solvents. By promoting the growth of specific microorganisms or plants in contaminated areas, bioremediation can lead to the degradation of pollutants and restoration of the environment.

The other options present alternative methods of pollution management, but they do not align with the definition of bioremediation. Mechanical means focus on physical cleanup, chemical solutions involve synthetic processes to neutralize pollutants, and planting trees pertains more to phytoremediation, which is a specific subset of bioremediation. Overall, the emphasis on utilizing living organisms in choice B captures the essence of bioremediation effectively.