How are English gardens primarily characterized?

English gardens are primarily characterized by rolling hills, naturalistic plantings, and eye-catching sculptures. This approach to gardening emphasizes blending with the natural landscape, creating an informal and picturesque setting that evokes a sense of harmony and tranquility. The design generally incorporates a variety of plants that are arranged in a way that appears spontaneous and organically connected, which is a hallmark of the English landscape garden movement that emerged in the 18th century.

In addition to naturalistic elements, English gardens also featured focal points such as sculptures, water features, and architectural elements that draw the eye and add interest. These characteristics create a scenic experience that feels both curated and natural, inviting visitors to explore and appreciate the beauty of the space.

In contrast, the other options represent different styles or concepts that do not align with the essence of English garden design. For example, rigid geometric shapes and symmetry are more representative of formal gardens, typically associated with French or Italian designs. The use of native plants only suggests a focus on ecological gardening, which doesn't capture the broader aesthetic diversity found in English gardens. Tropical themes and exotic plants more closely relate to tropical or subtropical garden styles, which diverge significantly from the traditional English garden ethos.